TeX

publication /tekh/ An extremely powerful macro-based text

formatter written by Donald Knuth, very popular in academia,

especially in the computer-science community (it is good

enough to have displaced Unix troff, the other favoured

formatter, even at many Unix installations).

The first version of TeX was written in the programming

language SAIL, to run on a PDP-10 under Stanford's WAITS

operating system.

Knuth began TeX because he had become annoyed at the declining

quality of the typesetting in volumes I-III of his monumental

"Art of Computer Programming" (see Knuth, also bible). In

a manifestation of the typical hackish urge to solve the

problem at hand once and for all, he began to design his own

typesetting language. He thought he would finish it on his

sabbatical in 1978; he was wrong by only about 8 years. The

language was finally frozen around 1985, but volume IV of "The

Art of Computer Programming" has yet to appear as of mid-1997.

(However, the third edition of volumes I and II have come

out). The impact and influence of TeX's design has been such

that nobody minds this very much. Many grand hackish projects

have started as a bit of toolsmithing on the way to

something else; Knuth's diversion was simply on a grander

scale than most.

Guy Steele happened to be at Stanford during the summer of

1978, when Knuth was developing his first version of TeX.

When he returned to MIT that fall, he rewrote TeX's I/O to

run under ITS.

TeX has also been a noteworthy example of free, shared, but

high-quality software. Knuth offers monetary awards to people

who find and report a bug in it: for each bug the award is

doubled. (This has not made Knuth poor, however, as there

have been very few bugs and in any case a cheque proving that

the owner found a bug in TeX is rarely cashed). Though

well-written, TeX is so large (and so full of cutting edge

technique) that it is said to have unearthed at least one bug

in every Pascal system it has been compiled with.

TeX fans insist on the correct (guttural) pronunciation, and

the correct spelling (all caps, squished together, with the E

depressed below the baseline; the mixed-case "TeX" is

considered an acceptable kluge on ASCII-only devices).

Fans like to proliferate names from the word "TeX" - such as

TeXnician (TeX user), TeXhacker (TeX programmer), TeXmaster

(competent TeX programmer), TeXhax, and TeXnique.

Several document processing systems are based on TeX, notably

LaTeX Lamport TeX - incorporates document styles for books,

letters, slides, etc., jadeTeX uses TeX as a backend for

printing from James' DSSSL Engine, and Texinfo, the GNU

document processing system. Numerous extensions to TeX exist,

among them BibTeX for bibliographies (distributed with

LaTeX), PDFTeX modifies TeX to produce PDF and Omega

extends TeX to use the Unicode character set.

For some reason, TeX uses its own variant of the point, the

TeX point.

See also Comprehensive TeX Archive Network.

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E-mail: [email protected] (TeX User's group, Oregon, USA).

(2002-03-11)